What is VSP tool?
Visual Sample Plan (VSP) is a software tool that supports the development of a defensible sampling plan based on statistical sampling theory and the statistical analysis of sample results to support confident decision making.
What is VSP in geophysics?
In geophysics, vertical seismic profile (VSP) is a technique of seismic measurements used for correlation with surface seismic data. The defining characteristic of a VSP (of which there are many types) is that either the energy source, or the detectors (or sometimes both) are in a borehole.
What is the difference between Checkshot and VSP?
The difference between a check shot and a VSP survey is that the check shot is limited to recording just enough data to provide a time–depth function. And the VSP is used to obtain not only a depth–time function but also a seismic image at the location of the borehole.
How does a vertical seismic profile work?
Abstract. “A vertical seismic profile (VSP) is a measurement in which a seismic signal generated at the surface of the earth is recorded by geophones secured at various depths to the wall of a drilled well” (Hardage, 1983, p. 1). There are, in fact, many types of VSP, and the common bond is the borehole.
How do you read seismic sections?
Structural seismic interpretation is directed toward the creation of structural maps of the subsurface from the observed three-dimensional configuration of arrival times. Seismic sequence stratigraphic interpretation relates the pattern of reflections observed to a model of cyclic episodes of deposition.
What is check shot survey?
checkshot survey
1. n. [Geophysics] A type of borehole seismic data designed to measure the seismic traveltime from the surface to a known depth.
Why is VSP used?
VSP trellises were first used in cool areas where the risk of fungal disease is high (e.g. New Zealand, Germany, and France). In these areas, VSP trellising keeps vine foliage away from the soil and in a position that facilitates hedging and spraying.
What is a Checkshot?
A seismic measurement involving a seismic source on the Earth surface and a seismic sensor suspended by wireline in a well. The objective is to measure the travel time required for a seismic wavelet to travel from the Earth’s surface to the downhole receiver.
What is a seismic section?
1. n. [Geophysics] A display of seismic data along a line, such a 2D seismic profile or a profile extracted from a volume of 3D seismic data. A seismic section consists of numerous traces with location given along the x-axis and two-way traveltime or depth along the y-axis.
What is 2D seismic interpretation?
Summary. 2D seismic interpretation is generally complex, relying on 2D auto-tracking and manual picking of major stratigraphic events. Interpreters must extend this process to multiple lines, presenting various resolutions, amplitude ranges and mistie effects.
What is a VSP trellis?
A VSP trellising system consists of a static cordon wire (usually installed ~3 feet above the ground) and multiple pairs of movable “catch wires” above that base cordon wire. Shoots are trained vertically from the cordon to eventually reach and be tucked into the more flexible catch wires.
What is trellis system in Vineyard?
Vertical Shoot Positioned trellising (usually abbreviated as VSP) is designed to arrange shoots to grow upwards across guide wires. Usually four fruiting canes are trained to grow in opposite directions along two levels of wire.
How is seismic data measured?
They can be measured along a single seismic trace or across multiple traces within a defined window. The first attributes developed were related to the 1D complex seismic trace and included: envelope amplitude, instantaneous phase, instantaneous frequency, and apparent polarity.
What is the difference between 2D and 3D seismic?
In offshore, the main difference between 2D and 3D seismic is that 2D seismic is acquired using a single listening cable towed behind the seismic vessel, whereas 3D seismic is acquired using six parallel listening cables, and the cables can be up to six kilometers long.
What is 4D seismic data?
4D seismic survey is a three-dimensional (3D) seismic data acquired at different times over the same area to assess changes in a producing hydrocarbon reservoir with time. Changes may be observed in fluid movement and saturation, pressure, and temperature.
What is VSP in wine?
Vertical Shoot Position, or VSP, is a common and widely used trellis system. In the VSP system, the vine shoots are trained upward in a vertical, narrow curtain with the fruiting zone below. A VSP trellis system can consist of four to six levels of wire.
What type of trellis is best for grapes?
Low-cordon trellises, such as the Vertical Shoot Positioned (VSP) or the Lyre systems, are best suited to cultivars with upright growth habits. This includes most Vitis vinifera cultivars and many hybrids.
What is Guyot pruning?
Cane pruning (Guyot) is commonly used in cooler climate growing regions, including Burgundy, Sonoma, and Oregon. By limiting the vine’s lignified growth (the hard brown part) to just the trunk, the vine is less vulnerable to frost and better protected than spur pruned vines.
What is Bower system in grapes?
Bower system of training provides a desirable microclimate in the vine canopy and reduces the adverse effects of arid and hot weather on vine metabolism and life. In this system vines are spread over a pandal mounted at 2-2.4 m above the ground on poles made up of concrete, stone or iron.
Why seismic data is important?
Seismic data are used by reservoir management teams to plan and monitor the development and production of a field. Seismic data have the potential to provide the bridge between well logs and core analysis on the one hand, and tracer and well-test analysis on the other.
How is seismic data collected?
Seismic surveys use reflected sound waves to produce a “CAT scan” of the Earth’s subsurface. Seismic surveys can help locate ground water, are used to investigate locations for landfills, and characterize how an area will shake during an earthquake, but they are primarily used for oil and gas exploration.
What does 3D seismic mean?
three-dimensional seismic data
3D seismic data means three-dimensional seismic data, being geophysical data that depicts the subsurface strata in three dimensions. 3D seismic data typically provides a more detailed and accurate interpretation of the subsurface strata than 2D seismic data.
What is 4C seismic?
four-component (4C) seismic data
1. n. [Geophysics] Four-component (4C) borehole or marine seismic data are typically acquired using three orthogonally-oriented geophones and a hydrophone within an ocean-bottom sensor (deployed in node-type systems as well as cables).
What is the difference between 2D and 3D seismic survey?
What is the difference between cane and spur pruning?
Grapevine pruning methods generally fall into two categories, spur pruning and cane pruning. Spurs and canes refer to the portions of one year old wood that is retained when pruning. Spurs are shorter and contain fewer buds than canes.